Today is the 20th anniversary of the launch of Mac OS X, and Macworld has an interesting piece on the history leading up to it. Jason Snell goes so far as to say that the new operating system for Macs was “an act of desperation” by Apple.
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The reason, he explains, is that while Apple had set a new direction for personal computers with the launch of the Macintosh in 1984, it had lost its way by the late 1990s …
In 1984, a graphical user interface on a personal computer was revolutionary; by the late 1990s, not so much.
As revolutionary as the original Mac was, it was also an early-1980s project that didn’t offer all sorts of features that would become commonplace by the late 1990s.
That operating system had been originally designed to fit in a small memory footprint and run one app at a time. Its multitasking system was problematic; clicking on an item in the menu bar and holding down the mouse button would effectively stop the entire computer from working. Its memory management system was primitive. Apple needed to make something new, a faster and more stable system that could keep up with Microsoft, which was coming at Apple with the user-interface improvements of Windows 95 and the modern-OS underpinnings of Windows NT.
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By 1996, says Snell, Apple had given up.
In a spectacularly humbling moment for Apple, the company began searching for a company from which it could buy or license an operating system or, at the least, use as the foundation of a new version of Mac OS. The company’s management, led by CEO Gil Amelio and CTO Ellen Hancock, clearly had come to the conclusion that Apple itself was incapable of building the next-generation Mac OS.
We all know what happened… next.
Dec. 20, 1996–Apple Computer, Inc. today announced its intention to purchase NeXT Software Inc., in a friendly acquisition for $400 million. Pending regulatory approvals, all NeXT products, services, and technology research will become part of Apple Computer, Inc. As part of the agreement, Steve Jobs, Chairman and CEO of NeXT Software, will return to Apple–the company he co-founded in 1976–reporting to Dr. Gilbert F. Amelio, Apple’s Chairman and CEO.
The acquisition will bring together Apple’s and NeXT’s innovative and complementary technology portfolios and significantly strengthens Apple’s position as a company advancing industry standards. Apple’s leadership in ease-of-use and multimedia solutions will be married to NeXT’s strengths in development software and operating environments for both the enterprise and Internet markets. NeXT’s object oriented software development products will contribute to Apple’s goal of creating a differentiated and profitable software business, with a wide range of products for enterprise, business, education, and home markets.
Snell gives a good outline of the software challenges that followed, and says that’s what makes the anniversary such an important one.
When we celebrate the 20th anniversary of Mac OS X, it’s important to realize what we’re celebrating. We’re celebrating a software release that was the culmination of Steve Jobs’s return to Apple. We’re celebrating the operating system we still use, two decades later. But we’re also celebrating the foundation of iOS, iPadOS, tvOS, and watchOS.
In that way, this isn’t just the 20th anniversary of Mac OS X 10.0. It’s the 20th anniversary of modern Apple, and the end of the dark days when Apple couldn’t fix its own operating system.
The full piece is a good read.
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Only one week after its launch, iOS 7 has already taken hold in the market place. Reports are coming in claiming that iOS 7 has sailed past the 50% mark, and is now by far the most popular version on Apple’s devices. Compared to iOS, the adoption rates of Android, Windows, and OS X look horrible. It just goes to show, Apple has implemented the updating mechanism on its mobile devices better than its competition has.
In this chart from Patently Apple, iOS 7 is sitting at 51.8% penetration just one week into its life. In contrast, iOS 6 was only at 47% seven days past its launch. One year later, and Apple has gotten even better at pushing forward.
This data from Mixpanel has iOS 7 adoption at 60.8%, iOS 6 at 35.53%, and all older versions combined at 3.67%. Impressive, right? In a single week, Apple has been able to convince the majority of its mobile customers to update to a drastically redesigned operating system.
Sadly, Android isn’t doing quite as well with its newest versions. Android 4.2.x (Jelly Bean) is only at 8.5% penetration on Android devices, and that launched in November of last year. Android 4.3 didn’t even make it to 1% in time to be counted on this chart. Hell, Android 2.3.x (Gingerbread) still holds a shocking 30.7% install base, and it’s over two years old now. Even though Google seems to be working hard to reduce the impact of fragmentation, it still has a lot of work ahead of itself.
On the desktop side, things are even worse. When you look at usage of Windows versions, the landscape looks grim. Windows 8 launched over a year ago, and it only holds 8.12% of total Windows installs. Windows XP — a 12 year-old operating system — still has a 36.89% share. Yikes! It’s no surprise, though. Mobile devices are the hot thing, and traditional computers aren’t drawing the same kind of excitement anymore.
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Despite Apple’s amazing success in the world of mobile devices, it’s not quite as successful in pushing forward with Mac OS X. Even though the upgrades are increasingly affordable, the 14 month-old Mountain Lion only has a 47.17% share of OS X installs. It’s not quite as bad as Microsoft’s situation, but it’s clear that Apple can do better. Perhaps Mavericks will be the first version of OS X to be available free of cost on the App Store. That would certainly be something to write home about.
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Now read: iOS 7 vs. Android 4.3: Apple takes giant leaps while Android stagnates